Water systems speak in subtle ways. They slow down, shift pressure, and react before failure begins. That is where drain ...

Version 4 of the Bell & Gossett System Syzer® program for PC computers is available. It is an update of a tool for calculating flow rates and pressure drops in HVAC piping systems. The program ...

The flow of all fluids, whether liquid or gas, will have one of three states: laminar, turbulent, and transitional. This article discusses flow principles and pressure-based flow measurement. Laminar ...

For a yet-to-be-selected fabricator, design large-diameter, corrosion-resistant, filament-wound composite pipe with sufficient strength to resist burial and settlement loads as well as internal ...

Bypass pipes, accompanied by a three-way control valve, are often seen in hydronic systems at both served loads (e.g., reheat coils) as well as at primary equipment (e.g., cooling towers). Reasons for ...

Non-revenue water remains a major challenge for utilities. Pre-fabricated plug-and-play chambers with integrated pressure ...